1987 USACE Wetland Delineation Manual Eastern Mountains

The 1987 USACE Wetland Delineation Manual for Eastern Mountains provides comprehensive guidance for identifying and delineating wetlands in the Eastern Mountain region of the United States. This manual establishes the three-parameter approach (hydrology, hydric soils, hydrophytic vegetation) for wetland determination and includes regional supplements specific to mountainous terrain. Below are key sections covering methodology, field indicators, regional considerations, and implementation procedures.

1. Introduction and Purpose 2. Wetland Definition and Criteria 3. Three-Parameter Approach 4. Regional Characteristics 5. Field Indicators 6. Data Collection Methods 7. Delineation Procedures 8. Documentation Requirements 9. Problematic Areas 10. Regulatory Context 11. References and Resources

Introduction and Purpose

The 1987 Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual provides the primary technical guidance for identifying and delineating wetlands under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act in the Eastern Mountains region.

ComponentDescription
Legal BasisClean Water Act Section 404
Geographic ScopeEastern Mountain regions including Appalachians
Primary UseRegulatory wetland delineation
Technical ApproachThree-parameter methodology
Regional AdaptationMountain-specific indicators and considerations

Wetland Definition and Criteria

Wetlands are defined as areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support hydrophytic vegetation and hydric soils.

  1. Hydrology: Sufficient water presence to create anaerobic conditions
  2. Hydric Soils: Soils formed under conditions of saturation
  3. Hydrophytic Vegetation: Plants adapted to wet conditions
  4. Eastern Mountain Specifics: Consideration of slope wetlands and seepage areas

NOTE: All three parameters must be present for wetland designation in most cases.

Three-Parameter Approach

The manual employs a systematic three-parameter approach for wetland identification and delineation.

  1. Evaluate hydrologic indicators including saturation and inundation
  2. Identify hydric soil characteristics and field indicators
  3. Document hydrophytic vegetation using indicator species
  4. Apply mountainous region adjustments for slope conditions

IMPORTANT: Regional supplements provide mountain-specific guidance for parameter interpretation.

Regional Characteristics

Field Indicators

Primary field indicators for wetland identification in Eastern Mountain regions.

Hydrology Indicators: Surface water, saturation within 12 inches, water marks, drainage patterns

Soil Indicators: Hydric soil matrix, mottling, organic layers, redox features

Vegetation Indicators: FACW, OBL species prevalence, wetland plant communities

Mountain-Specific: Slope wetlands, seepage indicators, spring-fed areas

Data Collection Methods

Standardized procedures for collecting wetland delineation data in mountainous terrain.

  1. Site reconnaissance and preliminary assessment
  2. Transect establishment and plot sampling
  3. Soil characterization and description
  4. Vegetation sampling and species identification
  5. Hydrologic observation and measurement

Field Equipment: Soil auger, Munsell color charts, vegetation guides, GPS, camera

Delineation Procedures

Step-by-step procedures for wetland boundary determination in Eastern Mountains.

  1. Conduct preliminary office review of maps and aerial photos
  2. Perform field verification of wetland indicators
  3. Establish wetland boundary based on parameter evidence
  4. Flag and map delineated boundaries
  5. Prepare delineation report and documentation

Boundary Marking: Use flagging, stakes, or GPS coordinates for accurate boundary representation.

Documentation Requirements

Comprehensive documentation necessary for regulatory wetland delineations.

Problematic Areas

Challenging wetland determination scenarios in Eastern Mountain regions.

Difficult Cases: Former wetlands, agricultural areas, disturbed sites, atypical hydrology

Mountain Challenges: Intermittent streams, steep slope wetlands, groundwater-fed systems

Resolution: Use best professional judgment, consult regional supplements, seek technical guidance

Regulatory Context

The manual operates within the framework of Clean Water Act Section 404 and Corps of Engineers regulatory program. Jurisdictional determinations based on manual guidance are used for permit decisions, enforcement actions, and compliance monitoring. State and local wetland regulations may provide additional requirements.

References and Resources

ResourceDescriptionApplication
National Wetland Plant ListOfficial wetland plant indicatorsVegetation parameter determination
Field Indicators of Hydric SoilsSoil identification guideHydric soil verification
Regional SupplementsArea-specific guidanceMountain wetland applications
Technical StandardsDelineation protocolsStandardized procedures
Training MaterialsEducational resourcesProfessional development

Updates: Consult current regional supplements for latest methodology.

Contact: USACE District Regulatory Offices for technical assistance

1987 USACE Wetland Delineation Manual Eastern Mountains © - All Rights Reserved 2025